Drinking Problems With Alcohol Abuse - 1302 Words

There are two different kinds of drinking problems that people may struggle with at some point in their life. The first is alcoholism, which is the illness that alcoholics suffer from. An alcoholic is an individual who has a physical or mental desire to consume alcohol beyond his or her capacity to control it (O’Connor, 2011). As an alcoholic drinks more, his or her tolerance increases. This means he or she will need more alcohol in order to feel drunk. He or she may also experience a physical dependence; if they do not consume alcohol they will begin to experience withdrawal symptoms. The other type of drinking problem that someone may have to deal with is alcohol abuse. Alcohol abuse is when an individual’s drinking leads to problems, but they are not physically dependent on alcohol. These problems may occur at work, school, home or in their personal relationships. It can also lead to problems with the law when using alcohol in dangerous situations, such as drinking a nd driving (O’Connor, 2011). Despite the difference, both alcoholism and alcohol abuse are classified as a mental illness according to the DSM-5. Interestingly, there has been an increase in the amount of women who are suffering from these mental illnesses, but their difficulties can be mitigated with the help of group therapy. While it used to be more common to hear about male alcoholics, the number of woman having an alcohol dependency has increased. A large research study conducted by the University ofShow MoreRelatedAlcohol Abuse Essay 171300 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol Abuse Drinking alcohol is woven into the social fabric of our culture, and indeed many people enjoy the social and cultural connection of sharing a drink together. However, because drinking is so common in our society, realizing you or a loved one has a drinking problem can be a challenge.   The consequences of alcohol abuse are serious. Alcohol abuse causes extensive damage to your health, your loved ones, and society. It results in thousands of innocent deaths each year, and exacerbatesRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Is A Problem Striking The People Of America910 Words   |  4 PagesAlcohol abuse is a problem striking the people of America. There are more than twelve million alcoholics in America, and the numbers only continue to increase. All Americans spend a total of about one hundred ninety-seven million dollars on alcohol in one day! It has gotten so bad that now even adolescents as young as thirteen begin to drink. Disconcertingly, every thirty minutes a person dies from an alcohol rel ated incident. Alcohol has become the number one drug problem in all of America. In factRead MoreThe Plague Of Underage Drinking1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe Plague of Underage Drinking â€Å"Every year in the U.S., roughly 5,000 people under the age of 21 die from an alcohol-related incident including car crashes, homicides, suicides, alcohol poisoning and other related injuries† ( â€Å"11 Facts About Alcohol Abuse†). That is 5,000 more teens or young adults that could be saved from this plague in this society (11 Facts About Alcohol Abuse). Underage drinking and alcoholism is a huge problem in the United States, and as a society need to make a change withRead MoreAlcohol As A Dangerous Deadly Weapon1677 Words   |  7 Pagesamendment, which banned all alcohol from being manufactured, transported, and sold in the United States. But it is ironic how the prohibition just brought in more of what it was trying to outlaw. The American citizens of course did not like this law so they eventually opened more bars and kept drinking illegally. Even going back to indigenous roots of Latino/Hispanics, alcohol has been a huge component to celebrations, traditio ns and social upbringings. The use of alcohol can be seen as one of theRead MoreTeenage Alcohol Abuse1465 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol Abuse in Teenagers Underage alcohol abuse is a growing problem in the lives of teenagers today. Almost 80% of high school students have tried alcohol (Dowshen). To effectively combat this growing epidemic, teens need to understand the effects of consuming alcohol, and adults need to recognize the problem and effectively prevent alcohol abuse. Though many teenagers do not realize it, alcohol can significantly affect a teen’s life, including short-term impacts on the teen’s popularity andRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Abuse And Binge Drinking1523 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents will always encounter some type of â€Å"problem† during their college experience. A problem can be something simple such as a lack of adequate parking or more complex such as sexual harassment. â€Å"A new report from Student Monitor asked college students to identify the biggest problems on campus, and their top three answers were cost of education, stress, and alcohol abuse,† (Jacobs, 2014, p.1). College students will be affected by a number of problems during their college career. As a professionalRead MoreIts a Party, Its a Party, Its a Party1122 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol abuse is a major problem throughout college campuses in America. The majority of college students may not think it is an enormous problem, but it is. Alcohol abuse is among one of the biggest problems that colleges and universities across America face. Speaking at the Senate Committee of Homeland and Government Affairs, Senator Joe Lieberman of Connecticut stated, â€Å"Alcohol abuse on college campuses has reached a point where it is far more destructive than most people realize and today threatensRead MoreAlcohol Use Among Veterans And The Military Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pages Alcohol Use Among Veterans and the Military Alcohol use and abuse is prevalent among members of the United States military as well as among the veteran population. Binge and heavy drinking is commonplace among the military and veterans. Veterans and members of the active duty military face a unique set of challenges when compared to the civilian population. There is a trend of combat exposure leading to a higher risk to abuse alcohol. For over a decadeRead MoreAlcoholism and Alcohol Abuse1492 Words   |  6 Pagesmortality rates due to alcohol-related accidents and health issues are close to 35,000† (â€Å"Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse). This fact explains how many problems come along with alcohol abuse, and tell about health issues and accidents that could be caused by alcohol. Alcohol can be very dangerous and threaten the lives of people even if they are not the one consuming alcohol. Wrecks often happen and kill innocent people as a result of people drinking and driving. There are many alcohol related deaths inRe ad MoreAlcoholism Is A Major Issue1413 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen for many years. It destroys lives drink by drink. â€Å"It is estimated that between 18 million -- or one in 12 adults -- in the U.S. abuse alcohol or are chronic alcoholics. Nearly 100,000 Americans die each year as a result of alcohol abuse, and alcohol is a factor in more than half of the country s homicides, suicides, and traffic accident (Understanding Alcohol Abuse -- the basics).† Alcoholism is caused by genetic, physical, psychological, environmental, and social factors (O Rouke). It occurs

Annotated Bibliography On Computer Security - 1753 Words

Put your college logo and your information Computer Security Abstract Computer Security Computer security is the consideration for securing resources of the computer. It is the protection of computing systems and the data that they store or access. Any information, the loss, misuse, or unauthorized access to or modification of which could adversely affect the privacy of the data. The protection afforded to an automated information system in order to attain the applicable objectives of preserving the integrity, availability and confidentiality of information system resources (includes hardware, software, firmware, information/data, and telecommunications). Characteristics of Computer Security There are many characterizations of computer security, main are the following: â ¦  Confidentiality. Prevention of unauthorized disclosure of information. â ¦  Integrity. Prevention of unauthorized modification of information. â ¦  Availability. Prevention of unauthorized withholding of information or resources. There are four broad areas of computer misuse: theft of computational resources, disruption of computational services, unauthorized information disclosure, and unauthorized information modification. These four areas correspond to threats to IT security. The first two categories correspond to threats to availability; the third corresponds to a threat to confidentiality; and the fourth to the integrity of the information. Integrity: In lay usage, information hasShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Computer Food Security System1358 Words   |  6 PagesAadhaar Enabled Public Distribution System (AEPDS): PDS is well known to the masses as Ration Card System. PDS is an Indian food security system established by the Government of India under Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food, and Public Distribution on June 1997 and managed jointly with State governments in India. 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Various methods of ensuring privacy and security of patient’sRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Internal Control for Information Security1614 Words   |  7 PagesInternal Control for Information Security: Annotated Bibliography Making the case for Network Security. (2012, Apr 19). Retrieved from Wikibon Blog: http://wikibon.org/blog/making-the-case-for-network-security/ This author addresses the central concerns regarding information security in the modern business world using broad strokes to make the importance of network security as a key business operation readily apparent to the reader. As the article is addressed primarily on business managers andRead MoreUses and Abuses of Biochip Technology1704 Words   |  7 Pagesbuy or sell unless he had the mark, which is the name of the Beast or the number of his name.... Bible scholars fear that this passage reflects the modern world, and its use of numbers for authentic identification. 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The term OCTAVE is used to denote f Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation SM.It is important that organizations conduct a security risk evaluation in order for them to effectively evaluate

Biodel Inc Free Essays

BUAD 490 3/14/13 Team Written Case Analysis (Concise) Biodel, Inc. BIODEL INC. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Biodel’s use of biotechnology expertise in the three prime areas of Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, and Immunodiagnostics has led their company into some great opportunities. We will write a custom essay sample on Biodel Inc or any similar topic only for you Order Now Biodel created a synthetic serum to replace fetal calf serum and horse serum, and provide a more consistently available product for scientific researchers. Biodel’s Molecular Biology division used DNA technology to gain 60% of the market share of growth factors and stock the largest collection of commercially available synthetic nucleotides, which was 50% of their sales. Biodel’s research and development in Immunodiagnostics led to the invention of DEMA, a non-radioactive method for measuring a wide array of biologically important substance. The intelligence and vision of Dr. Oscar Feldman drove Biodel to a position of leadership in the biotechnology industry. Dr. Feldman has applied innovations in Cell Biology, Molecular Biology and Immunodiagnostics to increase market share for Biodel’s products. Dr. Feldman’s scientific friends and academic contacts offered Biodel high-quality technological advice and links to scientific community, and led to sophisticated research and development advances. Now the company is at a crossroad with decisions and direction necessary. In addition to strategic planning, the company would benefit from a modest re-structuring to streamline operations and prepare for unexpected events. Their future investments should be in areas where patent protection is likely, and in directions and projects that exploit their native expertise in molecular biology and genetic engineering. These technologies seem likely to transform health care in the next two decades. Having survived the threat of bankruptcy, Biodel now has a more balanced contract research portfolio and is poised to develop an even greater impact in the future. CURRENT SITUATION Biodel’s projected revenues for 1980 consist of $1 million in contract research, and around $1. 5 million in research products. The contract research revenue was split 70% from industrial research, and 30% government research. This research included work in Biodel’s three main fields (molecular biology, cell biology, and immunology) as well as cancer chemotherapy and enzymology. These contracts are secured by Dr. Feldman through his relationships with other scientists. The revenue from research products also comes from the three main fields of Biodel. Nucleotides from the molecular biology area account for 50% of revenues, cell growth factors from the cell biology field account for 40%, and immunodiagnostics products account for the other 10%. Research product sales have been growing 35% over the last few years, even with limited marketing efforts. However, Biodel is being outcompeted in the immunodiagnostics market and further growth is not being pursued. Biodel has a very small staff, with the company split up into five different sections: the comptroller, advertising and sales, and then an experienced scientist manages each main field of the company. The scientists who manage their fields are all in charge of research and development, production, and even have some marketing responsibility. Dr. Feldman does not employ a marketing manager or a research director, instead filling both roles by himself. Feldman’s style of management is very informal, preferring to walk around and talk to his employees rather than have them do unnecessary paperwork. The company itself is run more like an academic facility than a business, with the atmosphere more leaning towards challenging each other and making technological advances. In addition, employee turnover is very low so most of the staff is very experienced with the work that the company is doing. The staff is led by Dr. Feldman, who represents the main reason for low employee turnover. Biodel employees describe him as a unique and enthusiastic man, and the reason why the company is so successful. Marketing had been a very inconsistent department, with Dr. Feldman usually assuming all of the major marketing responsibilities. But when Dr. Feldman decided that he needed to market his company more aggressively he hired Mr. Steve Kaplan who had been a marketing manager at a large pharmaceutical company. However, Mr. Kaplan and Dr. Feldman soon disagreed on who should direct Biodel’s marketing strategy. Kaplan proceeded to spend a large amount of money on marketing, including hiring additional salespeople and other staff. These changes resulted in a 65% increase in sales, but marketing costs increased by 500%, which resulted in profits dropping from $95,000 in 1978 to $17,000 in 1979. As a result, Dr. Feldman is reconsidering Mr. Kaplan’s direction in the marketing department. OPPORTUNITIES First, Biodel had under development a synthetic serum that would be used to satisfy growth requirements in cells. This would be an innovative product that could be a substitute for natural fetal calf serum and horse serum. However, a major problem with the fetal serum is the unstable fluctuation in cost. The cost is determined by the supply of the serum and the supply is determined by the number of calves that are slaughtered. The synthetic serum could offer a steady rate. The market is projected at $50 to $80 million. Biodel would have a competitive advantage over the competition and could attain 20% of the market share if they pursue this project. A big problem with this project is the uncertainty that Biodel will be able to receive a patent. That provides a major risk in this investment. Second, another project is available that is extremely intriguing to us. Biodel has the opportunity to produce a new product called DEMA. DEMA is a testing technology based on enzyme membranes rather than radioactivity. This product could be used to test for pregnancy, syphilis, hepatitis, cancer, toxins in food and carcinogens in the environment. DEMA is a healthier, safer, faster and cheaper way of testing than the radioactive method. There are no hazards or side effects to DEMA and it can provide the same results as radioactive tests. The problem with this project is the financial aspect. It is more expensive than the synthetic serum. Investments could total in the millions and the R costs could range from $1 to $3 million. However, this project has drawn the attention of major drug companies who are willing to participate in a joint venture with Biodel, which would help with the costs of the investment. Third, Biodel has been thinking about joining the genetic engineering field. The company has basic but not wide experience if this field but they have been a major supplier of molecular biology products. At the moment, there are four major competitors in the market; Cetus, Genentech, Genex and Biogen. The basic purpose of this field is to engineer a cell to produce a specific biological product. Competitors use the bacterium E. coli as their host cell, for the most part. Biodel has the opportunity to enter the market with a new strategy that involves the use of yeast as the host cell instead of E. coli. He and three other scientists believe that yeast would be a better host cell than E. coli. Yeast has a biochemical machinery that can allow the growth of medically relevant glycoproteins such as Interferon and Urokinase. These glycoproteins are used to inhibit the multiplication of cancerous cells and to disrupt blood clots. The investment costs for this project would be high, including salaries that Biodel would pay for Dr. Ballantine and three other highly successful scientists to work for them. However, the return on such an investment could be immense. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. The Biodel Board of Directors should hold annual or semi-annual Board meetings to review company progress. Dr. Feldman should delegate more. The Board should be expanded by 1 or 2 people to achieve greater diversity and breadth of expertise. Succession planning should be considered in case Dr. Feldman died, or a division head left. 2. Mr. Kaplan’s marketing group should be streamlined and asked to focus on a marketing strategy for DEMA. The marketing group can probably be reduced to lower costs while maintaining the increase in research product sales. Challenge Kaplan to analyze the marketing group to understand the most valuable parts versus parts that are expendable. 3. Among the growth opportunities to pursue, the synthetic growth factor option does not seem likely to succeed. Although it is the least expensive investment, there is uncertainty that the patent protection can be obtained. Furthermore, researchers accustomed to fetal bovine serum may be unlikely to abandon a tried and true method. In contrast, the DEMA technology is a unique opportunity for Biodel. It eliminates the risks and hazards associated with radioactivity, which researchers would appreciate. There is a high likelihood of patent protection. Based on the information in the case, the company needs a better understanding of how to bring this product to market. This could be a great project for Kaplan’s smaller marketing group. 4. Pursue Genetic Engineering, with the advice and guidance of the four academic experts. This is an important initiative and Biodel’s connections with the prize-winning scientists are important. They should be paid per diems and offered stock options. One of the four also should be invited to join the Biodel Board of Directors. APPENDIX A SWOT Analysis S- Strengths Biotechnology special expertise by the 1970’s in – (three prime areas of focus/ other fields) 1. Cell biology – culture technology paid off 60% share growth factor market 40% offspring sales 2. Molecular biology – DNA paid off 60% share growth factor market – stocked largest commercially available synthetic nucleotides (50% of sales) 3. Immunodiagnostics biology a. Sub categories – Cancer chemotherapy – Enzymology Offered high-quality technological advice, numerous links to scientific community, highly sophisticated research and development service Feldman was able to secure contracts with his personal relationships with scientists in the government and industry Low employee turnover W – Weaknesses Molecular biology – — researchers used numerous substitutes Immunodiagnostics biology large firms aggressively entered and has not expanded since 10% of sales of research products -1980 – profitability varied on depending on intensity of product research and development By the 1980’s 60% of company’s revenue was from commercializing research Reliant on government contracts when they started making cut backs – 85% contracts are government – forcing Biodel into 1st layoff (damaging to long-term otential) 55 employees scientists and technicians — no marketing manager or research director hired (Feldman filled both positions with widespread contacts and scientific expertise) Staff meetings rare and no regular reports required from subordinates Poor Marketing – Products sold by mail Depends on word of mouth – trade shows, advertising, direct mail, ad phone solicitation — customer service â⠂¬Å"almost laughable† O – Opportunities Goal to manufacture and market biochemical products developed through their own research Cell Biology – synthetic serums to satisfy growth requirements in cell lines of tissue culture – replacing natural fetal calf serum (most widely used, horse serum was 2nd most widely used). Market of 50 million domestically and 80 million worldwide growing at 15%– no systematic analysis of serum market done Immunodiagnostics- opportunity to enter the market – new test technology based on enzyme membranes rather than radioactivity – new product DEMA – simpler, faster, and less expensive. Market in excess of $100 million and has potential to be over $1 billion. High possibility for a patent and a joint venture with a major drug company. Genetic engineering – exciting advantages/high return on investments Supplier of molecular biology products – nucleotides and synthetic genes sold – supported by genetic engineers – some cases biodel was soul supplier T – Threats Relying on government contracts lead them to the threat of bankruptcy Biodel’s spending strategies APPENDIX B How to cite Biodel Inc, Essay examples

Leadership - Decision Making & Ethics By Writers

Question: Effective leadership, decision making and ethical management are linked both in theory and in practice.How may leaders ensure organisational decisions are made ethically? Use examples to illustrate your argument from organisations with which you are familiar.. Answer: Introduction Leadership is all about creation of a vision, ensuring that the created vision is effectively communicated, living by values, influencing individual behaviour and making tough decisions as and when required(Armstrong Stephens, 2005). Effective communication, inherit charisma, positive attitude, motivation, problem solving and tough decision making are some of the characteristics that define an effective leader. Ethics and decision making is at the heart of leadership and its essential to ensure that they go hand in hand. An organisation that lacks values and ethics fails to build a culture where individuals can grow both professionally and personally. Leadership is not only associated with powers and authorities it also brings with it ethical burdens because while making ethical decisions it is important to ensure that leaders cast light not shadow (Bass Bass, 2009). In order to get an-depth understanding of ethics it is important to analyse the values of the organisation as a whole which include both its leaders as well as followers. Effective leaders and managers have clear understanding for their morals, values, ethical system and decision making. Ethical leaders are characterised by good character and integrity. This assignment conduct an in-depth analysis of the vital role played by leadership, ethics and decision making that help ensuring organisations achieve their desired goals and performance objective. Ethical leaders are responsible for created an ethical organisation which always tend to perform better because they have the capability to attract, maintain and retain right talent which is essential for performing right task at right time (Beerel, 2009). People are considered the most precious asset of an organisation and ethical leadership ensures that this asset is retained and continuously improved (Ferrell, Fraedrich, Ferrell, 2012). This assignment studies the various aspects of leadership, ethics and decision making in relation to three leading organisations that have been voted among top ten ethical organisations of the world namely; Starbucks, McDonalds and Zappos. It shows how ethical leaders play a vital role in ensuring organisational decisions are made ethically. Howard Schultz, CEO Starbucks Trust, integrity, relationships and transparency are the four key elements of ethical leadership that lead to the creation of an ethical organisation (Bass Bass, 2009). It is based on six pillars of character namely; trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring and citizenship (Adair, 2009). It is important to adhere to these six pillars of character in day-to- day decision making in order to ensure that an ethical workplace environment is created and employees are influenced to follow ethical values of the organisation. Ethical environment forms the base of a knowledge sharing culture that is characterised by creativity and innovation (Fisher Lovell, 2006). Starbucks founded in year 1971 is the worlds premier roaster and retailer of speciality coffee which today has around 21,000 stores in more than 35 countries (Starbucks, 2015). Starbucks is recognised worldwide for its high quality coffee and the global supply chain network that help them serve hot coffee to around 60 million people every week. Under the effective leadership of Howard Schultz Starbucks has achieved remarkably unmatched growth and brand recognition. Howard Schultz displays the use of transformational leadership style wherein he possesses high compassion and commitments towards his customers and employees equally (Gallo, 2013). Transformation leadership focuses on bring change by developing vision, communicating it, empowering people to innovate and take risks. According to this leadership style leaders cannot inspire other unless they are themselves inspired. Leadership is all about having a passion and sharing that passion whenever an opportunity arrives (Kelley, 200 7). According to the Ethisphere Institute Starbucks for the eighth year in a row has been recognised as the one of the worlds most ethical companies. Howard Schultz is the key force behind the development of an ethical culture within Starbucks. He has been awarded Stanley C. Pace Award for leadership in ethics in year 2013 by Ethics Resource Centre (Ethics Resource Center, 2014). Established in year 2000 The Pace Award was created to honour individuals that possessed unwavering integrity. He recognised worldwide for his effective leadership, tough decision making and ethical management. He is a practitioner of utilitarian theory of ethics wherein the consequence of an action decided whether the action is right or wrong. He exhibits moral vision and possess the abilities required to convert those visions into specific goals. Being an ethical leader his effective ethical management and decision making helped him develop a value-based organisation that delivers high quality products and services to customers, gives back the community and respects humanity. According to Starbucks values striving to do right things and conducting busin ess ethically are two important aspects of a successful organisation. Starbucks has a Business Ethics and Compliance program in place which help supporting its mission and protecting their culture and reputation in a way that they can provide their partners with enough resources so that they can make ethical decisions at work. One of the best example of Howard Schultz effective leadership, ethical management and decision making was his decision to urge his fellow American CEOs to stop donating money to politicians until they take up their responsibility and start running the government as a successful business (Gallo, 2013). He was the force behind the Create Jobs for USA program where customer donations were combined with loans provided from microlenders to provide financial helps to small businesses in America. His participative leadership style and ethical decision making not only enabled him achieve his career goals but also organisational goals. Jim Skinner, CEO McDonalds McDonalds Corporation is the worlds largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants with a global presence in 119 countries where they serve more than 68 million customers every day from their 35,000 outlets (McDonald's, 2015). Started in year 1948 the company in year 2012 has reported annual revenue of $27.5 billion. It is the worlds second largest private employer (Wal-Mart being the first) with 1.9 million employees including those working for franchises. McDonalds owes its remarkable success to its people. McDonalds has Jim Skinner as its Chief Executive Officer under whose leadership McDonalds has witnessed rapid growth and expansion. Jin Skinner displays the use of transactional leadership style which helped him manage a giant company like McDonalds while ensuring that all business processes are conducted in an ethical manner. Transactional leadership focuses on directing and motivating individuals by appealing to their own self-interest (Hood, 2007). It is based on give and t ake theory where clear performance expectations and goals are defined and rewards or punishments are decided based on achievement of targets. McDonalds is recognised as one of the worlds most ethical organisations and its CEO Jim Skinner has been honoured with awards like Most Respected CEO and Executive of the year. Jim Skinner has developed his leadership skills through years of hard work and industry experience. He possesses all the characteristics of an ethical leader and is recognised for his ethical decision making. He has made McDonalds a highly customer-oriented organisation that lives by its core values. As an ethical leader Jim Skinner has articulated and embodied the values and purpose of the organisation (Howell, 2012). His ethical management has helped him keep the interest of organisations stakeholders and community over self-interest. He is concerned about the growth and development of his employees and provide them ample opportunity to realise their full potential. He was the key decision maker behind the National Hiring Day program wherein 60,000 Americans were offered much-needed jobs. Jim Skinner was a practitioner of deontological theory of ethics wherein he adhered to his obligations and duties while making ethical decision. This ethical principle helped him ensure that customer needs are satisfied in the most effective manner whatever be the situation. His tough decision making has supported McDonalds overcome different challenges while serving the community. Jim Skinner through his ethical management helped ensuring that decisions at McDonalds are made in most ethical manner. Tony Hsieh, CEO Zappos Trust, integrity, relationships and transparency are the key elements of ethical leadership which is perfectly visible culture of Zappos which is created by its CEO Tony Hsieh. Started in year 1999 by Nick Swinmurn Zappos in year 2001 had quadrupled its yearly sales making it to $8.6 million. The company is based in Las Vegas, Nevada and is an online retailer of shows and clothes. Tony Hsieh is the key force behind the remarkable success if the company and development of an ethical culture with Zappos. Tony Hsieh is an excellent example of authentic leadership which is a relational process developed by leaders and followers. Authentic leadership comprises of leaders who know and understand themselves, are aware for their values and believes and lives by their values through honest and open communication with followers (Hellriegel John W. Slocum, 2011). Authentic leaders use their good character to win trust and respect from their followers. Their ability to build credibility and ski ll to encourage and respect diverse viewpoints make them people leader (Fox, 2007). They can use both autocratic and participative leadership style as demanded by the situation. Primary focus of authentic leaders like Tony Hsieh is to foster collaborative and relation of trust with employees, customers, stakeholders and shareholders. Tony Hsieh through his effective leadership has not only been able to increase sales figures exponentially but has also developed an organisational culture that has secured Zappos a high position on the Best Companies to Work For list published by Fortune magazine every year (PennState, 2013). Tony Hsieh is recognised worldwide as the most successful CEO whose complete focus is on vision and not money. Ethics is all about deciding what is right and what is wrong (Keen, 2012). A number of ethical theories have been formulated owing to rapid evolution in ethics education. All ethical theories can be divided into two brand categories namely; teleological theories that are related to consequence of an action and deontological theories which are related to obligations and duties (Rezaee, 2009). Teleological theories further comprises of three ethical approached based on which consequences are viewed as ethical or not. Ethical egoism wherein leader is concerned about his own interest, utilitarianism wherein leader is concerned about his own interest as well as interest of large number of people and altruism where leader is ready to compromise his own interest in order meet the interest of other individuals (Murithi, 2009). Tony Hsieh is an example of altruism wherein he is always been ready to compromise his own interest in order to ensure that an ethical culture is retained within the o rganisation. He is a people-oriented leader who is greatly concerned about the growth and development of his employees and thus provides them ample opportunities to realise their full potential. It owes to his strong decision making skills and ethical management that Zappos today considered among some of the worlds most ethical organisations. As an effective leader his complete focus was to use all his powers associated with his position of a CEO to ensure that his entire employee, customers and other stakeholders are happy. He the founder of company named Delivering Happiness which help people identify their passion and convert them into profitable businesses. Zappos under the effective leadership, ethical management and tough decision making skills of Tony Hsieh is famous for an unmatched great employee culture that enable them deliver high quality customer service. Thus, Zappos is another example of an organisation where ethical leaders play a vital role in ensuring that decisions are made ethically. An organisation cannot succeed without four pillars of leadership, ethics, people and decision making. Effective leaders must ensure that all these four success elements are in place and work effectively to achieve desired goals and objectives. Conclusion Ethical behaviour within an organisation cannot be promoted by implementing any ideal solution rather it is only possible by continuous positive approach by its ethical leaders. Ethical behaviour is developed when they are practised by leaders and modelled by their followers. It is important to ensure that ethical decision making is adequately rewarded and acknowledged. Ethical leadership focuses on leading employees based on trust and respect so that good relationships are developed. They are not only concerned about the growth of the organisation but about the growth of the organisation as a whole. It is important to ensure that ethical leaders live by the values they wish to communicate. Howard Schultz, CEO Starbucks; Jim Skinner CEO McDonalds and Tony Hsieh, CEO Zappos are some of the best examples of ethical leaders who not only had the power to live by ethical values but also the inherit charisma to influence their followers to live by ethical values shown by them. They have not only enabled their respective organisations achieve remarkable success and emerge as market leaders in their respective industry of business but have also ensured that they perform their duties most ethically towards their customer, employees and the society they live in. They have ensured that all their decisions are made keeping the interest of their stakeholders and community in mind. These leaders possess all the characteristics displayed by ethical leaders and thus serve as an example for other leaders and their actions are followed by other world leaders. Effective leadership, ethics and ability to make tough decisions have enabled them create an organisational culture that itself serve as a competitive advantage against rivals and help them retain their market position. References Adair, J. (2009). Leadership and Motivation: The Fifty-Fifty Rule and the Eight Key Principles of Motivating Others. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Armstrong, M., Stephens, T. (2005). 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